The Rock has been a coveted possession from the beginning of the ancient Massilian colony of Monoïkos, named for the Ligurian tribes who occupied the area and vied for control of it; even earlier, it was a shelter for primitive populations. The rock was also the first conquest of the Grimaldi dynasty, the rulers of the country for more than 700 years, founded when the Guelf Francesco Grimaldi disguised himself as a Franciscan monk in order to gain entry to the city.

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