Santa Maria in Transpontina is a Carmelite church. Pope Alexander VI demolished an ancient Roman pyramid on the same site for the construction of the first church. This church was then demolished to clear the line of fire for the cannons of the Castel Sant' Angelo. Designs by Giovanni Sallustio Peruzzi for a replacement church were in place by 1566, though the papal artillery officers insisted that its dome be as low as possible to avoid a recurrence of the previous problem.

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